Plain-language definitions of Indian legal terms with AI explanations
15 terms found
A fundamental principle of natural justice meaning "hear the other side." No person shall be condemned unheard. Both parties must be given an opportunity to present their case.
A matter already judged. The principle that a final court ruling conclusively decides the matter in controversy and neither party may raise the issue again in a new suit.
Latin for "you may have the body." A writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge. Protects against unlawful and indefinite imprisonment.
Latin for "guilty mind." The intention or knowledge of wrongdoing that constitutes part of a crime, as opposed to the physical act (actus reus).
Latin for "guilty act." The physical act or unlawful omission that, together with mens rea (guilty mind), constitutes a criminal offence.
Latin for "at first glance" or "on its face." A case established by pleadings or evidence sufficient to call for an answer or to establish a fact unless rebutted.
The right to bring an action or to be heard in a given forum. A party must have a sufficient connection to and harm from the law or action challenged.
A doctrine that prevents a party from reneging on a promise when the other party has reasonably relied on the promise to their detriment.
Under judicial consideration and therefore prohibited from public discussion elsewhere. A matter pending before the court.
The doctrine of following legal precedents set by previous court decisions. Promotes consistency and predictability in law.
Latin for "the reason for the decision." The part of a judicial decision that forms the binding precedent, as opposed to obiter dicta.
Remarks made by a judge that are not essential to the decision and therefore not binding precedent, though they may carry persuasive authority.
First Information Report. A document prepared by the police upon receiving information about the commission of a cognizable offence. Triggers the process of criminal investigation.
Temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, granted upon the undertaking that they will appear for trial. Can be regular bail, anticipatory bail, or interim bail.
A formal written order issued by a court commanding or prohibiting certain actions. In India: Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto.